Document Title: Rules for Transliteration of Cyrillic Characters (Kazakh Language)
Status: Draft
Version: 1.0
Publication Date: 01.06.2026
Owner: Kazakhstan Network Information Center (KazNIC)

This list of rules is used for converting characters of the Kazakh alphabet into Latin script.
*Ә, ә — Ä, ä 
* Ғ, ғ — Ğ, ğ
* Қ, қ — Q, q
* Ң, ң — Ñ, ñ
* Ө, ө — Ö, ö
* Ұ, ұ — Ū, ū
* Ү, ү — Ü, ü
*І, і — I, ı (uppercase — I, lowercase — ı) 
* Һ, һ — H, h 
Standard Cyrillic characters:
* А, а — A, a 
* Б, б — B, b 
* В, в — V, v 
* Г, г — G, g 
* Д, д — D, d 
* Е, е — E, e 
* Ё, ё — Ö, ö 
* Ж, ж — J, j 
* З, з — Z, z 
* И, и — İ, i 
* Й, й — İ, i 
* К, к — K, k 
* Л, л — L, l 
* М, м — M, m 
* Н, н — N, n 
* О, о — O, o 
* П, п — P, p 
* Р, р — R, r 
* С, с — S, s 
* Т, т — T, t 
* У, у — U, u 
* Ф, ф — F, f 
* Х, х — H, h 
* Ц, ц — S, s 
* Ч, ч — Ch, ch 
* Ш, ш — Ş, ş 
* Щ, щ — Ş, ş 
* Ы, ы — Y, y 
* Э, э — E, e 
* Ю, ю — İu, iu 
* Я, я — İa, ia 
* Ь, ь — (character is removed) 
* Ъ, ъ — (character is removed) 
Technical specifications:
    1. Special Latin characters: To ensure correct rendering of transliteration, information systems must support UTF-8 encoding
(for proper transmission of characters such as ğ, ñ, ū). 
    2. Exceptions: The letters ь and ъ are completely removed from the resulting string. 
    3. Unification: The letters ш and щ are both transliterated as ş. 
    4. Handling of the “ДЖ” combination:
The combination “дж” (and its variants “Дж”, “ДЖ”) is automatically converted into a single “ж” before transliteration.
Example: “Колледж” → “Коллеж” → “Kolej”. 
    5. Optimization of endings “ИЯ” / “ИЮ”:
To prevent duplication of the letter “i” during transliteration, in combinations “ия” or “ию”, the first vowel “и” is omitted.
Example: instead of “iia” or “iiu”, the result will be “ia” or “iu”. 
    6. Reduction of double consonants (M, N, L):
If identical consonants appear consecutively (“ММ”, “НН”, “ЛЛ”), the algorithm reduces them to a single Latin character.
Example: “Колледж” (after processing “дж”) → “Kolej” (instead of “Kollej”).